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Debian apt 换源 ​

使用说明 ​

警告

操作前请做好相应备份。

一般情况下，将 /etc/apt/sources.list 或 /etc/apt/sources.list.d/debian.sources 文件中 Debian 默认的源地址 http://deb.debian.org/ 替换为 http://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn 即可。

可以使用如下命令：

bash
sudo sed -i 's/deb.debian.org/mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/g' /etc/apt/sources.list
sudo sed -i -e 's|security.debian.org/\? |security.debian.org/debian-security |g' \
      -e 's|security.debian.org|mirrors.ustc.edu.cn|g' \
      -e 's|deb.debian.org/debian-security|mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/debian-security|g' \
      /etc/apt/sources.list
bash
sudo sed -i 's/deb.debian.org/mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/g' /etc/apt/sources.list.d/debian.sources

目前使用 DEB822 格式的 Debian 分发仅有容器镜像，且其安全更新源默认设置为 http://deb.debian.org/debian-security，因此以上命令会同时替换 Debian 官方源和安全更新源。

提示

[什么是 DEB822 (.sources) 文件格式？]

自新版本的 Debian 与 Ubuntu 起，例如：

  • Debian 12 的容器镜像
  • Ubuntu 24.04

默认预装的系统中 APT 的系统源配置文件不再是传统的 /etc/apt/sources.list。 传统格式（又被称为 One-Line-Style 格式）类似如下：

v
deb http://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/debian/ bookworm main contrib

新的 DEB822 格式自 APT 1.1（2015 年发布）起支持，后缀为 .sources，存储在 /etc/apt/sources.list.d/ 目录下，格式类似如下：

yaml
Types: deb
URIs: https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/debian
Suites: bookworm
Components: main contrib
Signed-By: /usr/share/keyrings/debian-archive-keyring.gpg

在切换软件源时，需要根据实际情况选择对应的格式进行修改。

关于 DEB822 格式的设计考虑，可以参考官方文档（英文）。

当然也可以直接编辑 APT 源文件（需要使用 sudo）。以下是参考配置内容：

Debian 12 ​

vim
# 默认注释了源码仓库，如有需要可自行取消注释
deb http://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/debian bookworm main contrib non-free non-free-firmware
# deb-src http://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/debian bookworm main contrib non-free non-free-firmware
deb http://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/debian bookworm-updates main contrib non-free non-free-firmware
# deb-src http://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/debian bookworm-updates main contrib non-free non-free-firmware

# backports 软件源，请按需启用
# deb http://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/debian bookworm-backports main contrib non-free non-free-firmware
# deb-src http://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/debian bookworm-backports main contrib non-free

# debian-security 软件源
deb http://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/debian-security/ bookworm-security main contrib non-free non-free-firmware
# deb-src http://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/debian-security/ bookworm-security main contrib non-free non-free-firmware
yaml
Types: deb
URIs: http://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/debian
Suites: bookworm bookworm-updates bookworm-backports
Components: main contrib non-free non-free-firmware
Signed-By: /usr/share/keyrings/debian-archive-keyring.gpg

Types: deb
URIs: http://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/debian-security
Suites: bookworm-security
Components: main contrib non-free non-free-firmware
Signed-By: /usr/share/keyrings/debian-archive-keyring.gpg

Debian 11 ​

vim
# 默认注释了源码仓库，如有需要可自行取消注释
deb http://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/debian bullseye main contrib non-free
# deb-src http://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/debian bullseye main contrib non-free
deb http://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/debian bullseye-updates main contrib non-free
# deb-src http://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/debian bullseye-updates main contrib non-free

# backports 软件源，请按需启用
# deb http://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/debian bullseye-backports main contrib non-free
# deb-src http://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/debian bullseye-backports main contrib non-free

# debian-security 软件源
deb http://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/debian-security/ bullseye-security main contrib non-free
# deb-src http://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/debian-security/ bullseye-security main contrib non-free
yaml
Types: deb
URIs: http://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/debian
Suites: bullseye bullseye-updates bullseye-backports
Components: main contrib non-free
Signed-By: /usr/share/keyrings/debian-archive-keyring.gpg

Types: deb
URIs: http://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/debian-security
Suites: bullseye-security
Components: main contrib non-free
Signed-By: /usr/share/keyrings/debian-archive-keyring.gpg